Design of Wind Turbine Control

Plan of Wind Turbine Control Theoretical The primary goal of this report is the structure and examination of the control of the breeze turbine. So as to guarantee a productive vitality catch from the breeze and simultaneously the alleviation of burdens at common frequencies, it will be planned the working procedure of the machine. Moreover, the control of the breeze turbine will be likewise structured so as to guarantee a steady exhibition of the framework given the stochastic idea of the breeze. As a last assignment, it will be examined the distinctions and significance of having a framework with a decent or diminished hybrid recurrence. Presentation The abuse of wind vitality is without a doubt the most well known apparatus for the handling of environmental change everywhere throughout the world. The advancement of wind turbines has prompted a variable speed pitch managed setup that expects to remove vitality from the breeze as proficiently as could reasonably be expected. As the entrance of wind vitality turns out to be increasingly more noteworthy in current force frameworks, there is a need to meet certain models and nature of age so as to keep up the unwavering quality and security of gracefully over specific levels. So as to accomplish an enhance vitality catch and keep the machine from extreme loads, the structure of both working technique and controller of the plant should be completed. The trouble of the structure depends on the stochastic idea of the breeze, so a cautiously and point by point approach is required. Likewise, as the controller of the turbine is the core of its activity, the structure of this will turn out to be increasingly more troublesome with the size of the turbine [1]. The bigger the turbine, the more fundamentally adaptable the mechanical parts will become and it is now where the weariness loads become a significant worry, as they are firmly identified with the working existence of the machine and furthermore to the operational and support costs. The motivation behind this report is to feature the significance of the controller and the commitment to the vitality catch, just as the plan of a reasonable working technique that boosted the decrease of burdens while guaranteeing a productive execution. 2.1 Baseline and methodology The fundamental target of the control plan of any wind turbine is to acquire a decent exchange off among vitality and burdens. In factor speed pitch managed turbines it is controlled both pitch and torque. The previous is controlled to restrict the streamlined force in above-appraised power (consequently, the heaps), while the last is fundamentally used to control the transmission torque in above evaluated wind speeds and to augment vitality catch underneath the appraised power district. The working system must be cautiously plan so as to accomplish most extreme force catch while constraining the streamlined burdens in the mechanical pieces of the breeze turbine, as they are basic parts of the lifetime of the machine. In this manner, the plan of the working technique must incorporate burden decrease as an express goal. In this report, the plan of the working system has been done with an uncommon spotlight on the control of the pinnacle and drive train resonances, just as the moderati on of the sharp edge loads. So as to structure the working technique, it has been given a model of a 1.5 MW variable speed, pitch directed turbine. In the model, it was acquired the mechanical qualities of the machine (Blade length, Gearbox proportion, etc), alongside the force coefficient esteems for underneath appraised activity, where the pitch of the cutting edges was - 2 degrees and is fixed for beneath evaluated activity. With the above information, it was conceivable to set the Cp-Þâ » bend of the machine. This sort of bends are utilized in wind turbine configuration to get rotor power for any blend of rotor and wind speed. By building this bend it is conceivable to get the greatest force catch. This is given by the force coefficient Cp, that it is a connection between the force in the breeze stream and the force created by the turbine [2]. The ideal working system must attempt to accomplish the greatest force catch, and consequently the most extreme estimation of Cp, and such working point decides t he ideal tip speed proportion (Þâ »), which is the proportion between the rotor speed and the breeze speed. When the ideal purpose of intensity extraction is set, it is conceivable to assemble the model of the machine. For this machine, the generator will work in a range between 1 rad/s and 170 rad/s. Along these lines, having the gearbox proportion, it is conceivable to get the rotor speed given the accompanying condition: By acquiring the scope of rotor paces of the machine, it would now be able to be determined the vital breeze speed for every rotor speed with the accompanying condition: Where Þâ » speaks to the ideal tip speed proportion of the machine, which relates to an estimation of 8.4 in this structure (for a Cpmax of 0.47). This scope of wind speeds is utilized to get the streamlined torque, which is an element of the rotor speed and wind speed (when the pitch edge is fixed). Along these lines, it is conceivable to infer the air torque by the accompanying condition: Where the estimations of and relate to the ideal working point. That is, for a given breeze speed and rotor speed, the goal is to deliver a torque with the end goal that the force extraction from the breeze is most extreme. Consequently, the above condition will give the torque esteems to the most extreme vitality following area. Then again, it is important to get the generator torque, as this will be utilized so as to decide the finish of the first and second consistent speed (To and T1). As it very well may be found in the condition underneath, the damping misfortunes have been thought of. For this structure, a damping of 5 has been accepted. The generator toque can be gotten by the accompanying condition. Presently it is conceivable to acquire the force produced in the machine by having a proficiency of 95% in this machine: Also, the torque at appraised intensity of the machine is given by: Where the appraised power bend crosses with the subsequent steady speed line, will decide the torque which will produce at above evaluated activity. At last, it has been determined the qualities for the steady speed bends of the working procedure. It has been applied condition 2.3, setting the breeze speed steady (from 4 m/s to 12m/s) and determined the torque for the various estimations of Cp and Þâ ». The subsequent working system will be with the end goal that will cross each consistent breeze speed by where is the ideal force extraction point (Cpmax). 2.2 Operating methodology process A few elements must be considered in a working procedure structure. Having acquired the qualities in the past segment, it is conceivable to plot the greatest force extraction bend. The structure must have unique spotlight on the characteristic frequencies of the pinnacle and sharp edges. For this plan, it has been given the regular frequencies of the two segments. For the pinnacle, the side-side and front toward the back frequencies. For the sharp edges, the edge and fold frequencies were given. In view of this, it must be investigated and contrast those frequencies and the rotor speed (P), the 3P and the 6P segment. It is alluring to plan a working procedure that abstains from working at products of the basic frequencies, as they are basic purposes of activity where the mechanical burdens increment and the lifetime of the turbine can be diminished because of weakness loads. In addition, the procedure must guarantee a smooth exchanging at the first and second steady speeds with the working bend. This has been accomplished by setting both steady speed lines with a base length, in such way that the controller of the turbine is exchanging the to various activity modes exorbitantly, as this could diminish the productivity of the machine. Another significant angle to see when planning the working procedure, is to guarantee that the breeze turbine activity isn't near the slow down front. The slow down front bend is the bend that interfaces the most extreme purpose of the steady wind speed bends. It decides the start of the slow down locale where the edges will be presented to high loads and the force extraction won't work productively. In light of the abovementioned, the structure of the working system was completed. The principal consistent breeze speed was set at 1.2 rad/s, maintaining a strategic distance from a 6P recurrence in the edges (fold common recurrence) that would show up at around 1 rad/s. As the plan of the working methodology must be an exchange off between vitality catch and decrease of burdens, it was chosen the above as the most ideal choice for this machine. Rotor speed (rad/s) Generator torque (Nm) Streamlined Torque (Nm) Clench hand consistent speed area (end) T0 1.2 1432.923 163076 Second steady speed area (starting) T1 2.02 4640.24 462004 Appraised torque 2.02 10137 853106 Table 2.0 generator torque at steady speed exchanging point The start of the subsequent steady speed area is dictated by the most extreme generator speed which has been set at 170 rad/s (2.02 rad/s at the rotor side). It tends to be found in Figure 2.0 the working technique bend of the machine, where it very well may be assessed that the working procedure has dodged the 6P common recurrence expressed previously. The slow down area is far enough from the working locale of the machine, guaranteeing a decent presentation and better effectiveness. Figure 2.0 Aerodynamic torque-rotor speed chart. Working system bend of the breeze turbine 2.3 Discussion of results As a rule terms, the structure of the machine has been effectively done, as it tends to be found in Figure 2.0, covering the accompanying basic parts of any working technique of a breeze turbine: After painstakingly broke down the common frequencies and contrasted and the 3P and 6P reverberation frequencies, it has been set the cut-in speed of the machine at 1.2 rad/s. Likewise, this system will guarantee that the damping misfortunes in the machine don't have over the top impact on the influence created, as at low rotor sp

Shakespeare Essays (814 words) - Shakespeares Sonnets, Sonnets

Shakespeare What's more, Immortality The quest for everlasting status has pained rationalists since the beginning of human race. Various memorable figures, including Ramses XV of Egypt and Julius Caesar of Rome, have attempted to accomplish physical everlasting status through different shallow measures. Performers of the old realms have battled to figure out how to stop the maturing procedure of an individual. Every one of those endeavors have end up being ineffective and starting today there is no demonstrated technique that empowers an individual to live until the end of time. Be that as it may, the Renaissance age carried radical changes to human view of life. Not, at this point an individual could stay latent about the course that their life takes. Renaissance man was relied upon to take a stab at higher accomplishments in each part of life. This included political, monetary and social angles. These thoughts cleared path for another idea of everlasting status - eternality through craftsmanship. Da Vinci painted Mona Lisa and got everlasting through inheritance that he deserted him. Beethoven composed his fifth Symphony what's more, he is still associated with it. These thoughts of endless life were reflected in verse of William Shakespeare - the Renaissance man of England. In various his works Shakespeare discusses eternality from different perspectives. It is a miracle how Shakespeare can adopt an issue and strategy from various viewpoints and each time a similar issue is introduced in new light, and charged with new feelings. There are two fundamental manners by which Shakespeare identifies with the thought of everlasting status. In first methodology the creator depicts endless life through a chain of examinations and numerous implications of similar words. In poem number 5 artist connects an individual with a bloom. A blossom that is excellent in its more youthful years yet as the time Will play the dictators to exactly the same, And that unjustifiable which reasonably doth exceed expectations; (5.3-4) it makes ugly that which now exceeds expectations in excellence, and in the long run prompts bloom's demise. The piece goes on to make reference to the procedure through which scents are extricated from blossoms, and it further expresses that significantly after the bloom is a distant memory, it is recollected each time somebody perceives its sweet smell. In this sonnet, Shakespeare makes a direct examination with reality, in light of the fact that similarly as a plant is associated with its alluring smell, individuals are associated with their great deeds even long after their demise. Comparable thoughts are introduced in piece number 54. In this work the creator discusses individuals who are lovely outwardly, however vacant and ugly inside. The artist expresses that as life goes on, the external magnificence blurs, and demise follows, and just those individuals who were all the more at that point void shells, will be recalled. Thus of you, beauticius and flawless youth, When that will blur, by stanza distils your reality. (54.13-14) Another route through which Shakespeare sees eternality is by expounding legitimately on it. There is a number of sonnets in the creator presents endless life in plain and exact language. In poem number 15 the creator says, And all in war with time for adoration of you, As he takes, I engraft you new. (15.14-15) It is clear that what writer implies is that despite the fact that time makes individuals more seasoned, verse can revive a individual by achieving back recollections the past. It can even restore a dead individual in human psyche, each time that the sonnet about that individual is perused. In his compositions, Shakespeare really accepts that verse carries everlasting status to individuals. In piece number 16 he composes, But wherefore don't you a mightier way Make war upon this grisly despot, time, And sustain yourself in your rot With implies increasingly Blessed the my desolate rhyme (16.1-4) accordingly posing a straightforward inquiry, What better approach to deify yourself then through verse?. Eternal life appears to be seen by the essayist as a blessing from past, a gift that solitary a couple picked will get. It tends to be followed further in work number 18, which states that once a sonnet about somebody is composed, that individual is eternal for as long as natural eyes can see. This is a hopeful way to deal with verse however it brings up certain issues. Other than the way that an individual must have the option to see in request to peruse, an individual ought to likewise have in any event ostensible enthusiasm for what he is perusing. Shakespeare will in general disregard this reality. At long last in Sonnet number 55 the essayist states, Not marble nor the guilded landmarks Of rulers will outlast the incredible rhyme, (55.1-2) This is a

Trends in Human Services Essay Example for Free

Patterns in Human Services Essay To run an association, the administration of the work assumes an extraordinary job in thinking about the yield of the organization.  â â â â â â â â â â In the ongoing years, there are difficulties because of mechanical, financial changes, rivalry and market patterns. An associations needs to provide food for the necessities of representatives and guarantee inviting management just as opportunity to the workers. To guarantee elite , this will include pulling in, creating and holding a certified and spurred workforce. The top administration anticipates the requirements of their workers and arranges for preparing and advancement meetings among others. The individual needs of the representatives are taken consideration; they are engaged with dynamic and take an interest in organization’s exercises. Creating of the employees’ potential is basic so that there is self realization through occupation sharing, work broadening and employment advancing. An activity plan is arranged so that enrolling, choosing, preparing and creating and compensating of representatives is perceived and done appropriately. Proceeded with endeavors at work between the administration and staff assists with making authoritative progress locally and universally through legitimate consistence and worker fulfillment.  â â â â â â â â â â For high yield, vital administration will mean to incorporate the administrative arranging and dynamic and thus lead to anticipating, arranging and securing of wanted work power. There are programs that guarantee right number of people is accessible at the correct spot and perfect time, and this guarantees viable running of an association. Postponements might be felt when less work power is selected while a high number would prompt work wastage and caused loses.  â â â â â â â â â â A protracted methodology that initiates and chooses candidates at last recognizes and chooses imminent workers. While doing the meeting, genuine screening and determination of fitting applicants require great arranging, accessibility of assets and qualified questioners. For reasonable endorsement, separation of the up-and-comers because of sexual orientation, age or nationality ought to be stayed away from.  â â â â â â â â â â A protected and sound work space is a prerequisite by prudence of lawful, social and political worth particularly because of introduction to risky substances or worry in the work environment. Wellbeing hardware just as mishap counteraction programs have been advanced to guarantee more secure situations.  â â â â â because of the serious worldwide economy, overseeing works relations have been incredible concern particularly in light of the fact that the economy is administration situated. There is have to organize the requirements of the association and that of the representatives and productively broke down and contemplate them.  â â â â â â â â â â The nature of certain administrations offered may have negative ecological and human wellbeing impacts and this has been felt in some social gatherings because of destitution in such districts. The prosperity of numerous individuals has been improved while others have been influenced by the universal exchange. Rivalry for same assets may happen anyway this ought to be usefully overseen with the goal that one gathering doesn't profit to the detriment of the other.  â â â â â â â â â â An extraordinary advantage in moderating the different gatherings is to advise the general public to expressly consider exchange offs between various locales and individuals just as the work power since this advantages the general public.  â â â â â â â â â â To help the organization’s capacity in administration conveyance, determination of the human asset particularly is critical. For instance, those originating from a generally poor area need the help of the administration in order to build their yield.  Technology has guaranteed proceeded with recognizable proof, checking and evaluating of the administrations indicated. Utilization of PC rather that manual tasks has improved the quality and precision in the administration conveyed. The distinction in biodiversity has not influenced these tasks and subsequently innovation has counterbalanced the expense of administration conveyance.  â â â â â â â â â â Over reliance on government financing or sponsorship while doing ventures in territorial territories might be disappointed because of additional expenses in certain areas of a nation. Where the administration sets out the needs for interests in a specific year, the assets might not have been sufficiently distributed and subsequently may influence administration conveyance. Reference: Marianne w., Tricia M. (2006) Introduction To Human Services:

Stakeholders in a Typical Business Marketing Research - 2200 Words

Stakeholders in a Typical Business Marketing Research (Research Paper Sample) Content: Stakeholders in BusinessNameInstitutional AffiliationDateIntroductionStakeholders are the people that have concern or interest, and in this essay, the interest is in business. A stakeholder in business is any social group, person, organization, or society at large which possesses a stake in a certain business. As in the previous point, there are some stakeholders in business, and this results to their grouping into external and internal stakeholders. This essay attempts to identify the stakeholders that typical businesses interact with, and also assesses the responsibilities of businesses to the stakeholders.The stakeholder concept has ethical and moral implications for the governance of the business. A business that only has duties to the shareholders lacks any moral obligation to any other organization, person, or society (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). Likewise, businesses that have duties to their stakeholders are obliged to take into account the interests of all stakehol ders and do not maximize its focus on the shareholder's interests. Due to this, the management of an organization must balance the interests of its shareholders as well as those of the stakeholders because they are all important in the business (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). A stake is the imperative interest in a specific business or the activities in which it is composed of. A stake may include obligations and legal interests, moral rights, and property interests (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). An example of a legal obligation is a duty to honor contracts or pay wages, and an example of a moral right is the right of consumers that protects them from intentional harm by any business activity.A corporate stakeholder is a group or individual who affects or is affected by the actions that take place in business. The business fraternity first made use of the stakeholder concept in the year 1963 during the internal memorandum at Stanford Institute of Research (Gerth, 2013). The word stakeholder gained popularity, and it referred to the people possessing legitimate interests in an entity or project. However, the concept has spread wide, and it now includes those with interest in an entity; hence helping out in decision-making processes (Gerth, 2013). Examples of the institutions that enjoy this process are non-profit organizations, government agencies, and large business corporations.Internal stakeholdersInvestorsAs noted earlier in the essay, stakeholders are put together into two groups namely external and internal stakeholders. Business managers define internal stakeholders as the entities of business, and an example of such includes investors, managers, employees, and the board of directors (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). Taking the investor as the first stakeholder, this is an organization or person that injects funds into an idea with the hope of achieving profits. An investor utilizes investments so as to elevate their money and also get a constant income a fter attaining the retirement age (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014).Investors ride on wide varieties of investment vehicles that exist in the market place. Examples of the investment vehicles include real estate, retirement plans, silver, gold, foreign exchange, future, options, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, commodities, bonds, and stocks (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). An investor typically performs a fundamental and/or technical analysis that determines favorable opportunities of investment and prefers to maximize returns and minimize risks. Every investor is different, and this brings out the uniqueness in their timeframes, preferences, styles, capital, and risk tolerance (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). For example, an investor may prefer a low-risk investment that will lead to a certificate of deposit, a specific bond producer any other conservative gain.On the other hand, some investors are inclined to taking additional risks in their endeavor to make larger profits. Such investors do not fear taking risks in investment ideas that most people would consider risky like emerging stocks, markets, and currencies whose value can fluctuate any moment (Gerth, 2013). That aside, it is important to note the difference between the terms trader and investor because an investor typically holds a position for many years, and at times decades. An investor is also referred to as a buy and hold investor or a position trader (Gerth, 2013). Traders, on the other hand, only hold positions in business for relatively shorter periods. For instance, a scalp trader holds the positions for just a few seconds, and swing traders hold their positions for several days or weeks (Gerth, 2013).ManagersA manager is known as an individual who is responsible for administering or controlling part of or an entire organization or a similar company. Managers are members of the internal stakeholders and they oversee specific subsets and group tasks in a firm or business (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). As the word insinuates, managers have a staff of people that report to them. For instance, restaurants often have front-of-house managers who lend a helping hand to the patron as he or she supervises a host. In business, a specific person is in charge of all the projects in that business, and the person is referred to as a project manager (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). At times, certain departments in organizations designate managers who should be in line with other managing colleague depending on the function of that specific department.The manager is most often responsible for particular departments and functions within a company. For example, a manager mostly handles customer support, product quality, sales, marketing, accounting, and also heads the leaders that supervise other employees. In addition, there is the role of a functional or developmental manager who comes up with various initiatives in a fir m; but they do not have anybody who reports to them (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). The functional managers are also informal managers in companies who recruit team members and work across functions from the various groups for unique and temporary initiatives (Gerth, 2013).Managers possess essential skills that make their life easy during their various tasks in the organization. One of the skills that managers develop is the leadership skill which dictates that a manager must motivate and prioritize team members (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). For instance, a manager has social awareness, relationship management, self-management, and self-awareness. To show effectiveness in business, managers must be sources of trust, empathy, and energy as they work to develop their team members (Gerth, 2013). Some of the ways in which effective leaders develop their team members are through coaching, positive feedback, and constructive feedback.The second skill that is vital for managers is the communication skill which promotes good relations among stakeholders. The manager needs to practice the application of effective communication in interpersonal, large groups, small groups, and also social media interactions (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). Any effective manager understands that the most significant communication aspect is the virtue of listening. The other imperative skill for managers is collaboration which gives the leader a chance to serve as a role model through working together with members of his or her staff (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). Supporting model collaborative behaviors and cross-functional efforts set a good example for the rest of the team (Gerth, 2013).Fourth, the critical thinking skill comes in handy for managers trying to fit their projects into the businesses bigger picture. The effectiveness of a manger increases as he or she reviews the firms priorities with consideration of the larger goal (Olmedo-Cifue ntes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). Managers also need to translate the understanding of critical thinking into objectives and meaningful goals for the team members. The fifth skill has to do with finance where effective managers get accustomed to the language of numbers (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). A manager must strive to find out how the firms money is invested as he or she ensures that the investment earns good returns (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). It is not necessary that all managers become accountants, but they also need to know the basics for the purpose of management.EmployeesAn employee is also an internal stakeholder in a business or organization, and this is a person who works for a salary or wage at a non-executive level. Employees can work full-time or part-time under their various contracts of employment (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014). An employees contract can either be expressed or implied, oral or written, and they must possess recognize d rights and duties within that organization. To determine whether a person is an employee in a particular organization, the court looks at various aspects (Jeston, Nelis, 2014). For example, the court can look at the provision of employee benefits, the nature of compensation paid, the tax treatment of the individual, whether the hired person is in business, location of work, and the source of equipment the person uses. Statute like labor laws and compensation acts also carry some employee definitions that the statute uses (Olmedo-Cifuentes, Martnez-Len, Davies, 2014).Employees are...

Ethics Of Enron A Corporate Disaster - 1408 Words

The Ethics of Enron: A Corporate Disaster Racheal D. Smith Salem International University The Ethics of Enron: A Corporate Disaster Ethics, as stated by Dawn D. Bennett-Alexander and Linda F. Harrison in The Legal, Ethical Regulatory Environment of Business in a Diverse Society, are considered subjective laws as well as a how-to-guide for businesses in how they conduct themselves with their suppliers, customers, employees, and anyone else they do business with (2012). It is not enough to know how to run and conduct business, it is also important that good judgment, situational experience and common sense be used in order to be successful and remain that way (Bennett-Alexander Harrison, 2012). There have been companies in the†¦show more content†¦It was due to Ken’s ambition to turn the stable business from a pipeline company into an energy powerhouse (DiLallo, 2015) and the reported â€Å"error of judgment† in the handling of the debt in the overstatement of profits when there had been substantial losses between 1997 and 2000 by the company’s chief auditor Andersen (Enron: The Re al Scandal, 2002), that Enron accrued its overwhelming debt, one that was not accurately reported, and, later, it lead to the company filing Chapter 11. Enron’s debt was not only caused by the ambitious desire for growth and corporate dominance in the arena of energy (DiLallo, 2015), but also because the top 140 top executives received $618 million total salaries in 2001 alone (Enron Fast Facts, 2015). Two of the major players, Jeffrey Skilling, CEO, and Ken Lay, CEO from 1985 to 2000 and then again in 2001 after Skilling resigned, reportedly received $41.8 million and $67.4 million respectively according to 2015 Enron Fast Facts. On December 2, 2001, the once powerful energy company declared bankruptcy to the crippling total debt of $38 billion (DiLallo, 2015) after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) opened an investigation against Enron’s transactions on October 21, 2001 (Enron Fast Facts, 2015). Andersen, the company’s chief auditor, created off-balanced-sheet entities for Chewco, Whitewing, LJM, and Raptors that exposed the fraud that was crucial in bringing down Enron (DiLallo,

Oil & Gas Management Anglo Persian Oil Company

Question: Describe about the Advantages of Bidders for taking over British Petroleum? Answer: Introduction The Anglo Persian Oil Company is commonly known as BP, the company started its business in the year 1970s and became the member of the Seven Sister international oil companies. The main competitors of the BP oil company are the Exxon and the Shell oil companies, which are also members of the Seven Sister international oil companies. The BP oil company feces many disaster in the Texas City, the explosion in the time of re-introducing the hydrocarbon and during this explosion many of the workers of the BP oil company were dead and many were injured. After that many investigation happened in the BP oil company, and the company have to pay the fine for it, which was something around $50 million. The BP oil company taken many safety measures after the incident happened in the company, and the various instigation teams also did the investigation about the safety measures of the company. There were many incidents occurred in the BP oil company in the City like Mexico and other and many of t he workers had been died because of the incident. As a result the share of the BP oil company gradual goes down in the share market and the company was running in loss in that time (Berdowski et al., 2010). Advantages of Bidders for taking over British Petroleum (BP) Companies dealing with oil and gas like British Petroleum generates huge turnover for industries. If the past is considered, it can be found that $25 billion cash flow was delivered by BP in 2005. $8.3 billion cash proceeds was yield by BP. $19 billion of cash was distributed to shareholders. Thus the past record of BP is quite attractive for the bidders to takeover. The most important advantages for bidders are below- Cost Reduction- Dividend quarterly payments were suspended by BP by 9.5pence per share that amounted to $2.6 billion to the shareholders. This resulted in cost reduction and profit maximization. Moreover BP agreed to sell $7 billion assets in Egypt and North America, have cut down 20% employees for maintaining capital expenditure and established escrow fund of $20 billion for victims of oil spreading. These strategies are attracting for bidders as they need not take more cost reduction strategies after takeover (Berthelot, Coulmont and Thibault, 2013). Marketing and Sales- BP deals with all the energy resources like solar, wind, carbon, bio-fuel, gas fired power, hydrogen power and storage systems. For dealing with alternative energy resources like wind, bio-fuel and carbon, BP has spent $1.4 billion. But now the industry is facing financial trouble and due to this it has divided alternative energy budget into $1 billion and $500 million. This diversification strategy attracts the bidders to takeover BP (BOND, 2013). Process Innovation- the innovative approach of recovering oil to boost out the process significantly was done by going into deep sea shores which utilized polymer popcorn technique was one of the latest innovative method of oil extraction done by BP. This futuristic innovative approach attracts the bidders to takeover BP. Research and Development- for Illinois research on production of bio-energy, BP invested $500 billion. Bp also introduced personal development program to develop young people that positively influenced local communities. In 2008 BP was associated with a project to extract natural gas and crude oil that involved 8 countries. This project resulted to generate a record profit of $37.9 billion EBIT which was 39% more than that of previous year. Such RD team is competent enough for handling future projects that is quite attracting for bidders to takeover BP (Wilson, 2013). Analysis has been made that the present competitors of BP are Exxon Mobile, Shell and Chevron in relation to their position in petroleum industry. Such competitors can takeover BP to sustain in the competition as they are the greatest rivals of it. They can diversify their product and services to survive against the downturns in such core markets (Bozeman, 2011). Possible disadvantages of bidders for taking over British petroleum Competitive environment- In accordance to the competitors, if Shell moves to takeover BP in Europe and US, then it will induce a serious competition that may force divestments. That ultimately will hamper the management and sustainability for a company. Higher payroll- In China, the salary and wages for the employees are lower than US. Now if Petrochina takeover BP, then it will need to overpay the employees than usual, and this will result in cost disruption, inefficient cost management and substantially workforce risk from top to bottom (Wang, n.d.). Overlapping Management- The combinations of assets needs to be downsized if Exxon Mobile takeover BP. They have a different process and system. This overlapping of management will create dissatisfaction among the employees that may happen to lose their jobs and others may need longer time to familiarize with the new system, which again may incur loss. As the governments have insisted more tough environmental safety standards, the cost of oil projects will eventually increase (Dauwalter, 2013). Political Issue Managerial Style After the explosion in the Gulf of Mexico the valuation of the company comes very low as it wipes 58 billion dollar due to explosion. At that time many experts predicted that there could be a takeover by its competitors such as Exxon Mobil, Shell and Petrochina. Technically any of these companies was able to afford to the takeover of BP but there was some other problems which was creating doubt. One of the biggest issues was political issue which was inhibiting the takeover process. The industry of gas and oil is already full of political and regulatory issues which make it difficult to cope up with all situations. The US law was very stringent about the industry and BP was hiding many of their facts which were not allowed there. All these issues of BP came out after the explosion. At that time it was obvious that the US government will charge a huge amount of penalty to the company (Google.com, 2015). The companies which were thinking of bidding for the BP to takeover find that if t heir takeover includes the penalty then it will be a huge loss for them. Moreover another issue was very prominent over that period. BP was conducting their business unethically at that country so there was a big chance of getting a ban for that company; this was also a risk for the bidding companies. As it was expected that US politicians including Barack Obama was not in favor of the company which forced them to cut off their business in the US market. This kind of political situation forced to increase the liability of the company in the Gulf of Mexico which contributes to the continuous drop of their share price in the market. In this situation the takeover of BP would have result in unlimited liabilities for the company along with the cutoff from the US market where BP used to be the biggest oil and gas provider. There was another threat which was the disadvantage of the takeover process for the other companies was the cost of the cleaning the sea. This cost would be the bigges t liabilities for any company who will be taking over them (JARVIS, 2010). When a company takeover some of its competitor company, it abolish the competition from the market. So in terms of business perspective it is always good to absorb competitors business if that is profitable. In case of BP acquisition after their disaster in Gulf of Mexico, there were many disadvantages due to their huge liabilities in the US market. From the managerial perspective it was very difficult to decide about the acquisition of BP (Price-Howard and Holladay, 2014). Any company who will be acquiring BP has to think of the profitability aspect. Acquisition will also include the liabilities of the company which will be added to the cost of acquisition and also the regulations will be applicable as the same. Since BP was banned in the US market So it was difficult to operate the business in that market after acquisition. These are the factors which will influence the decision of the leaders of the acquiring company. When an company takeover another company the problem arises in the management level which destroy the continuity of the leadership in the target company. It was found that there was an average 20% loss of the senior executive after the merger process. From the outcome of this research the acquiring company will remain in an unstable position at least for next ten years which will be an obstruction towards the profitability of the organization (Grondin, Thibault and Qurel, 2014). Will Low Oil Price Accelerate Bid or another Barrier? In most of the research, it has been observed that the economy of US has been considered as one of the popular and the biggest oil consumer. In most of the cases, now days, the management have been focusing on the relatively lower prices so that it can be able to reduce the energy consumption. First of all the cartel need to make the restart of the authority over the prices of the oil so that the crude values can also be varied in between the nations. In this case, the relative production cost need to be varied in between the nations (Jacoby, 2012). The nations also need to increase the spending so that the unemployment can be reduced. Most of the nations need to push the prices so that the cuts in the production can be managed. In most of the debates, it has been observed that the nations have been developing some of the aspects so that the international oil prices can be made higher. They are planning to induce the prices at the break-even points so that so that they can be able to meet the demands of the customers. It will not only lead to an increase of the profits, but at the same time, it will also lead to an increase of the growth within the economy. It will help in reducing the demand of the oil with the help of the efficient utilization of the energy resources (Rodriguez and Soeder, 2015). In this way, the geopolitical risk can be minimized easily. In many cases, it has been observed that the market segmentation of the oil have been changed and for this reason , the demand for the oil as well as the supply for the oil have also been changing at a rapid rate. It will hurt the producing countries, at the same time have also reduced the prices, and at the same time have reduced the costs of the farmers. Therefore, in this case, the aim of the government is to make an intervention so that the prices can be pushed up and at the same time, the cheaper cost of the energy can be made available (Rusco, n.d.). The suppliers of the energy are resisting on the gases. The fuel price not only hurts the consumers but at the same time, it is also hurting the farmers as well as the manufacturers. In many cases, it has been observed that they have been hurting the government and at the same time, they are weakening the economy. In this way , the government professional have been discouraged in many ways and in many cases , it has been observed that the lower price levels of the fuel have been decreasing the carbon as well as also decreasing the economic perspectives. Too many governments need to cut the business so that the prices can be controlled and at the same time, the food costs can be reduced properly (Telegraph.co.uk, 2012). In most of the cases, the supermarkets have been facing the problems regarding the cutting of the costs. The low gas price can be able to create the subsidies for the new creators and at the same time, it will not disappoint the government as well as delighting the environmentalists. By this way, the domestic producers can be absorbed and in this way, the monopolization within the economy will be increased at a substantial amount. It is not at all considered one of the simplistic issues but at the same time, the political rivals have also been destructed. The pressure that has been induced are political in nature and it will help in reducing the loss (Thompson, n.d.). Reference List Berdowski, J., Schulten, R., Tijssen, J., van Alem, A. and Koster, R. (2010). Delaying a shock after takeover from the automated external defibrillator by paramedics is associated with decreased survival.Resuscitation, 81(3), pp.287-292. Berthelot, S., Coulmont, M. and Thibault, K. (2013). Sustainability Content on Oil and Gas Company Websites.BMR, 2(1). BOND, D. (2013). GOVERNING DISASTER: The Political Life of the Environment during the BP Oil Spill.Cultural Anthropology, 28(4), pp.694-715. Bozeman, B. (2011). The 2010 BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill: Implications for theory of organizational disaster.Technology in Society, 33(3-4), pp.244-252. Dauwalter, D. (2013). Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development.Fish Manag Ecol, 20(4), pp.289-301. Google.com, (2015).Redirecting. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukessays.com%2Fessays%2Fcommerce%2Ftakeover-mergers-acquisitions-case-study-of-british-petroleum-commerce-essay.phpsa=Dsntz=1usg=AFQjCNHizW_oc70KkfyIiokPPT5alWt6qQ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Grondin, O., Thibault, L. and Qurel, C. (2014). Energy Management Strategies for Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicle.Oil Gas Science and Technology Revue dIFP Energies nouvelles, 70(1), pp.125-141. Jacoby, D. (2012).Optimal supply chain management in oil, gas, and power generation. Tulsa, Okla.: PennWell Corp. JARVIS, L. (2010). SANOFI COMES OUT WITH GENZYME BID.Chem. Eng. News, 88(36), p.13. Price-Howard, K. and Holladay, P. (2014). Resorts, Resilience and Retention Ater the BP Oil Spill Disaster of 2010.Journal of Tourism Insights, 5(1). Rodriguez, R. and Soeder, D. (2015). Evolving water management practices in shale oil gas development.Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources, 10, pp.18-24. Rusco, F. (n.d.).Oil and gas management, continued attention to Interior's human capital challenges is needed : testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. Telegraph.co.uk, (2012).A history of BP's US disasters. [online] Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/9680589/A-history-of-BPs-US-disasters.html [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Thompson, R. (n.d.). Takeover Regulation After the 'Convergence' of Corporate Law.SSRN Journal. Wang, H. (n.d.).Successful business dealings and management with China oil, gas and chemical giants. Wilson, A. (2013). Reservoir Management for World's First Thermal Gas/Oil Gravity-Drainage Project.Journal of Petroleum Technology, 65(03), pp.140-143.

The Tempest - Duality Between Nature And Society Essays - Caliban

The Tempest - Duality between Nature and Society One of the essential themes of the Tempest is the duality between nature and society. This is made evident through the character of Caliban: the disfigured fish-like creature that inhabits the island at which the play takes place. Caliban lacks civilized influence due to the fact that he was born on the island deprived of any social or spiritual morality other than nature and instinct. He is literally man untamed. Caliban is not monstrous simply for the sake of being frightening, his ghastly visage is intended to literally depict the duality between civilization and natural instinct. Caliban is literally man untamed. Part fish, part man, but not really either because he is more mentally sophisticated than a fish, but devoid of any characteristics generally associated with civilized beings. He displays promise in becoming civilized, but eventually it becomes evident that it is impossible to fully tame a wild animal, which is what Caliban essentially is. Caliban is more of an animal rather than a monster. While he is labeled a monster throughout the play due to his appearance, he is in fact an animal. He is not inherently evil or malicious, but relies on his own instincts and skills that he has learned to adapt to his surrounding and survive. What is vital to survival in society is not necessarily important in nature; and vice versa. In nature only the most basic aspects of survival are required. Nature is all about survival, at any cost. Society is not. Civilization was developed out of convenience with the mental and physical skills of man. It has been from the very beginning, about making life easier. Basic ideals that are present in almost every society in the world are no murder and no theft. These are present because life is easier with rules like this. Human beings no longer had to worry about being killed or being looted as much as long as they were within the confines of a civilization. People started to be able to take up specialized professions and be able to count on other people to perform tasks such as carpentry, cooking, etc. Governments were formed to organize the people and efficiently run a civilization. Now the individual was not responsible for every aspect of survival but contributed to the overall survival of a civilization. From this economies were born either through trade or currency. How ever, the cornerstones of human civilizations (money and power) have lead to a whole new form of evil and brutality that was never present in nature. Its almost of a blind perversion of human nature. Through bettering our situation, we have corrupted ourselves to an extent (greed). Civilization can produce more savage and evil beings than nature. While Caliban is perceived as being evil and monstrous, he really is not. He just does not know any better. However, Antonio is much more malicious than Caliban because he knows what he has done is evil This goes back to the concept of nature vs. society.

Positive Degree of Adjectives and Adverbs in English

Positive Degree of Adjectives and Adverbs in English In English  grammar, the positive degree is the basic, uncompared form of an adjective or adverb, as opposed to either the comparative or superlative. Also called the base form  or the absolute degree. The concept of positive degree in the English language is one of the simplest to grasp.    For example, in the phrase the big prize, the adjective big is in the positive degree (the form that appears in a dictionary). The comparative form of big is bigger; the superlative form is biggest. C. Edward Good notes that the raw adjectivein its positive statemerely describes the noun modified; it doesnt care about how this particular person or thing stacks up against other members of the same noun class (Whose Grammar Book Is This Anyway? 2002) Etymology From the Latin, to place Examples and Observations Yertle the turtle was king of the pond.A nice little pond. It was clean. It was neat.The water was warm. There was plenty to eat.(Dr. Seuss,  Yertle the Turtle. Random House, 1958)There were three nice, fat little pigs.  The first was  small, the second was smaller, and the third was the smallest of all.(Howard Pyle, The Three Little Pigs and the Ogre. The Wonder Clock, 1988)It was a large heart with lots of hearts growing smaller inside, and piercing from the outside rim to the smallest heart was an arrow.(Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)Few  things are harder to put up with than the annoyance of a  good  example.(Mark Twain,  Puddnhead Wilson, 1894)The tone of the trombone is allied in quality to that of the French horn. It also possesses a noble and  majestic sound, one that is even larger and rounder than the horns tone.(Aaron Copland,  What to Listen For in Music, 1939)Humanity has advanced, when it has advanced, not because it has been  sober, responsible, and  cautious, but because it has been  playful, rebellious, and  immature.(Tom Robbins, Still Life with Woodpecker. Random House, 1980) Marys parents  traveled far  to trade and to search for food.(Shannon Lowry, Natives of the Far North. Stackpole, 1994)The inspirational value of the space program is probably of far greater importance to education than any input of dollars.(Arthur C. Clarke,  Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible,1962) Three Degrees to Consider   Adjectives change form to show degree of comparison. There are  three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. . . .The  positive degree  describes one item or one group of items. The positive form is the form used in dictionary definitions. (A.C. Krizan et al., Business Communication, 8th ed. South-Western, Cengage, 2011)Adjectives change form or add more or most to show comparison. Almost all one-syllable adjectives- as well as many of two syllables- add er to their positive (noncomparative) form to show comparison with one thing; this form is called the comparative form. To show  comparison  with two or more things, these adjectives add est; this is called the superlative form. Some two-syllable adjectives and almost all adjectives with three or more syllables show comparison with one item by placing the word more before the adjective; they show comparison with two or more items by placing the word most before the adjective.(Peder Jones and Jay Farness, College Writing Skills, 5th ed. Collegiate Press, 2002) Pronunciation: POZ-i-tiv

Henry Kissinger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Henry Kissinger - Essay Example ("Henry") Kissinger's intensive embarkation on a "shuttle diplomacy" in the 1973 Yom Kippur War between Israel, Egypt, and Syria helped mediate the Arab-Israeli conflict that had been going on for a long time. ("Henry") Because of this, politicians from Egypt had called him as the 'magician' for being able to come up with disengagement agreements that separated the Israeli and the Arab armies. ("Henry The Nobel") He had been successful in ending the war between these nations; however, there was an even greater and bigger hostility among these nations that was eventually lifted up. The peace process that he has negotiated among them was short-lived that his role was further criticized and questioned, specifically his intentions at bringing about the said 'liberation' between the Arabs and the Israelis. Having fled from Nazi, Germany under Hitler's administration, Kissinger created his own name in the United States as a Harvard University professor of government and international affairs in the 50s and 60s. ("American") He also joined the US Army before that and became an interpreter and intelligence officer in Europe. It was after his service in the army that he was soon the most brilliant professor in Harvard University. ("Henry") His unprecedented ability in interpreting foreign policies enabled him to foretell the necessary responses that Americans should perform in order to become at par with its international relations, as well as balance its power in the worldwide context. Kissinger lectured Americans about moralism that encourages them to a more realistic approach in dealing with all its foreign affairs and policies. Prominent personalities such as John F. Kennedy was as well impressed by his realistic views and policies, with whom he eventually served as a part-time policy adviser behind Kennedy's "flexible response" strategy that characterized the US strategy that promotes and maintains both the conventional and the nuclear forces against the attacks of the Communists instead of a nuclear retaliation that would affect nations and people held as victims. Kissinger also served the Johnson administration as a part-time foreign adviser ("Henry") When Nixon was elected President of the United States in 1968, he appointed Kissinger as his full-time national security adviser. Their team-up has had many suspicions such that the joint of an unlikely two people in the government implied something not at all favourable. Time magazine even described their collaboration as an "improbable partnership" because of their two opposing personalities. Nixon's "old-fashioned, secretive, aloof and over-simplified rhetoric" character did not seem to fit with Kissinger's "urbane intelligence" ("Henry") The Nixon-Kissinger team had worked together to re-shape the style and substance of the United States foreign affairs. Together, the two had work closely in addressing the different international issues that are tied to the US through Kissinger's realist strategies and policies. Together, they had both achieved their goals in the international affairs. ("Henry") From then on, Kissinger was among the most popular and the most controversial personalities in the US government. Being the national security adviser to Nixon's administration, he had concentrated on gaining power for the United

Answer the 2 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer the 2 questions - Essay Example Based on this, the manner in which Jews were being treated and the manner in which the Muslims are being treated in present day, each are compared for co relation and contrast in between the two if any. The two concepts find number of sparkling identical aspects at the same time, they find number of dissimilarities based on which each may form for a different form of concept. The Jews in those days were depicted as sub humans with little capability of intellect and understanding. They were termed as uncultured on account of their handling of different social affairs. Muslims in the modern times are often directed to as barbaric and being hostile towards other communities. These activities came forth for the first time in form of 2001 when all of the hijackers and perpetrators of the Twin towers were Muslims. As a result a general perception of hatred and disregard for Muslims started prevailing .In the modern times, the Muslims of the Europe are often taken for with discontent and disregard based on similarly new ideas and ideologies. These ideologies have originated as a result of hatred towards them that is on account of terrorism. Terrorism has unfortunately been associated with Muslims at large. This in turn has given rise to the ideas and concepts of Islam o phobia (Israeli,p. 15). As a result of this, the Muslims in general are being targeted in terms of discrimination, disdain and unhealthy outward response to them in the different social sectors of society in Europe and America at large. An element of contrast between the two concepts is the fact that Muslims are not being executed largely or directly on account of the difference and conflicting ideologies between the two societies. In case of anti Semitic campaign, the Jews were being sidelined and contained in isolation places such as Ghettos (Michman,p .155). It can be safely said that there have been instances where the role of media in West

Human Resources - Employing and maintaining staff Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Employing and maintaining staff Essay Human resources is a department which is a key component for any size business as it’s responsibilities affect the whole business The main responsibilities of the Human resources department can be split into 4 areas, Employing and maintaining staff, Training for new employees, Procedures, laws and legislation and Providing a safe working environment. The recruitment process is important: because it ensures that everyone in the business follows the same procedure . The best possible candidate is hired and reduces the risk of hiring a unsuitable candidate , saves further recruitment costs . Makes sure money and time are being used efficiently and effectively . The Recruitment process : the steps involved in finding and appointing new employees A vacancy arises Vacancies occur in a business because of maternity/paternity, death, retirement , dismissal , promotion , expansion . A job description is written or revised based on the job analysis . Job analysis – to see if it’s necessary or can be shared by other employees . it allows HR to become ware to any changes that many need to be made in the job description . They do this by reviewing the job . This is important because it makes sure the job description is correct and includes all the responsibilities/tasks , so you can get the best possible candidate . A person specification or job profile is written Person specification – skills/attributes of the person (eg communication, the ability to work as a team , hold a driving license ) / Educational and vocational qualifications , such as GCSES and NVQS . This is to eliminate people that wouldn’t be suitable for the job , this saves money and time . it is important because it makes sure you don’t get the wrong candidate , ensures you get the best possible candidate . Serves as a measure which the applicants can be judged against . It helps to design the advert , select in interviews and short list . A decision is made about whether to recruit internally or externally Internally in large business – notice boards , emails , website – intranet , memos , appraisals , meetings and newsletters . Externally – local and national newspapers , Job recruitment agency , radio advert , company website , trade journals – specialist magazines , job centres , social media –twitter and Facebook . You need to consider these factors when deciding whether to recruit externally or internally : cost , target audience and how quickly you need them . This is important as you need to know if the job can be completed within the business by being spread out over employees , even though you would have to pay them for the extra hours they are doing . It would save money as you do not have to pay for the advert , you could send around an email or put a notice on the notice board . You could do 1 on 1 interviews rather than panel interviews . In panel interviews there is more staff , that are not doing their job because they are interviewing so replacement have to paid for . Advertisements are drawn up and placed in appropriate media Design job advert – includes job title and hours , skills/qualifications required , key duties , where the job is , how to apply and where to send the application . All of this information is important because they may have a busy lifestyle and be unable to do flexible hours , lack certain skills and qualifications . When the candidates view the advert they can decide for themselves if the job is unsuitable for them , this lowers the recruitment costs and the business does not have to waste time and money interviewing and sorting though the candidates application . The key duties, location , how to apply and where to send application are stated because on the candidate needs to be able to do these duties , reach the location and apply . Application forms are issued and/or cvs and letters of application are requested . The applicants will need to complete an application form / letter of application and cv . They are sent out to the applicants and the applicants return to them to the correct business within the business . This helps with short listing . The job description and person specification are compared against to check for correct qualifications . The application form is the best to judge against , as they all have the same layout so this makes them quicker to judge against . There is also no discrimination as all candidates are given the same questions . Short listing takes place Short listing – selecting the candidates who best meet the qualities , qualifications and experiences requested on the job description . Primark and other large companies make applicants take an aptitude test and selection questions as this saves time and money . Interviews are held and assessment and testing takes place Factors to consider before the interview : Who will interview the candidates? Most likely the supervisor of the member / staff responsible for them/ store manager / HR manager . Is it going to be a One to one or panel interview . Panel interview is more fair as it is less biased . Where will you interview the candidates ? Make sure here is no interruptions , quiet and accessible for disabled candidates . What questions will be asked . All the candidates get asked the same questions , reduces discrimination . Judged on all the same questions , easy to compare . Need to cater to all , eg Deaf people . How to ensure fairness in the interview? What tests will you run , aptitude and psychometric tests? This is important because in the application form a candidate could lie and say they are confident as they are sitting in front of a computer screen . Many mistakes are made in the interview and it is easily to judge the candidate a nd tell when they are lying . Selection takes place and someone is appointed You should seek references from previous posts , to ensure that the candidates have been honest throughout , and not omitted to inform prospective employer of any issues that many effect his/her ability to do the job . This isn’t done at the beginning as the candidate may have a current job and wouldn’t want their employer knowing unless they have an interview . This is important as if the candidate is not chosen they can call up and ask why they were not chosen , to ensure there is no discrimination against the candidate and there a valid reason for the selection . Contract of employment – rates of employment , hours to be worked , holiday entitlement , sick pay procedures , duties Letter of appointment : offer , job title , pay , start date , where to report to and other relevant information. Maintaining staff Staff retention It is important for a business to keep it’s staff because this will minimise disruption to other employees , as other employees will have to pick up the duties of that job whilst the recruitment process is being done . The new employees will not be trained so this can cause the customers to get annoyed at the bad customer service . The trained employees will have to be constantly looking over the new employees this can decrease productivity . The recruitment process is costly and time consuming , on average it costs  £2000 to recruit per person. It is costly because of the training costs and other factors . The longer the employees are there , the more familiar they will become with the businesses policies and the better they will get with the customers . A business such as Primark can encourage staff retention by having monetary rewards which will include discounts or a pay rise linked to them achieving a target / an appraisal . They can have flexible working schemes which allow staff to start and finish work later/earlier. The business needs to make sure the business has a safe and suitable working environment that is not detrimental to physical or mental health . Staff should be praised upon and recognised , they can be valued within the employee of the month . All staff should receive a fair pay with opportunities for promotion . If the staff retention is bad the labour turnover is high so this may put off future candidates from applying because they can see the labour turnover so will wonder so many people are leaving . They will assume the business isn’t that good as there are many problems making the employees leave so the business will not get the best candidates for the job . The recruitment process is expensive and is done in the certain steps to ensure the best candidate is chosen , this would make this process a waste of time . If employees are covering roles there is less time to spend with customers so this will affect the customer service . Appraisals Appraisals can also be done , this is an examination of an employees performance over a period of time , this is carried out by the employees line manager . An appraisal report will include the strengths of an employees , the development needs of an employee , a report on the achievement of objectives set at the previous appraisal and an action plan using the weaknesses to identify training needs. Labour Turnover HR measure how successful they are retaining staff by looking at the labour turnover for each year . Labour turnover is the proportion of employees leaving a business over a period of time . HR will analyse the results and look at the trends to decide on what action they think will be appropriate . This is important as the business needs to know if their staff retention is good or bad , as this affects the money in the business . High levels of labour turnover will indicate a problem within the business , HR will look at the main issues and take steps to address them . Low levels of labour turnover will indicate that the business is keeping it’s employees satisfied or that unemployment is high so fewer people are leaving for other jobs . To identify issues HR will carry our exit interviews so they discuss with the employee why they have left the business , and if HR can do anything to make them stay or improve the business for the future so this does not reoccur . Grievance HR must design and set up this the grievance procedure , they must ensure the process allows complaints to be dealt with quickly and fairly . This must ensure all staff have access to this . This is important so both the employer and employee are satisfied . Ensuring employees are trained as necessary in accordance with job role and business procedures The importance of training It is important for a business to train all its staff so the employees know how to operate in house systems such as operating tills. Also to make sure the business is remaining competitive and keeping up with customer requirements such as learning how new styles and cross selling. The staff need to be aware of the companies polices affecting legalisation , and health and safety . This also motivates staff as they can now operate efficiently. They will also have the same training as the rest of staff so they won’t feel left out and unmotivated . If the employees are motivated , they will give better customer service . This makes the business more competitive as the customers would go to their business over a competitor with bad customer service . This would allow the business to make higher quality goods and sell for higher prices . The more training an employee gets the more productive and efficient the employee can be , therefore there are lower costs for the business and mor e profit being made . So they can charge lower prices and attract more customers . Induction training The main aim of induction training is to make sure the employee feels motivated as soon as they join the business , and become familiar with their position to increase productivity . In induction training there are many things that need to be covered including aims and objectives and the history of the business. They will need to met key staff so when they start actually working there they will know who everyone is and where to go if they have problems . This is important because the employee is less likely to remember all the rules and policies if they put in a room and made to listen to them for the first day . Employees that do not get induction training will be unable to integrate into the team easily . They will fail to perform to their highest , have low morale and reduced productivity . All the information is broken down into different sections , each should be delivered by a different member of staff . A brief introduction into the business’s history allows senior management to be introduced to the new employee . Future plans for the business could be explained here , the idea of working at a focused , determined and fast-moving business is very motivating . Shortly after administration will step in and go through the contract of employment , this will include disciplinary / grievance/ sick pay procedures , what to do if you are unable to attend work , hours of work , rates of employment ,holiday entitlement and duties. Staff handbooks are given out , pension schemes and uniform requirements are explained. On the job training This training is given whilst the employee is doing their regular duties . It is done on a normal working day in the normal work place . A demonstration can be done this is working alongside an experienced employee and showing them what to do and what standard the work needs to be done to. Job shadowing is similar , the employee will watch an experienced member of staff perform the duties . The employee will have to watch carefully so when they are their own they can perform the tasks to the same standard . Observation is where the employee will perform their tasks are usual whilst being watched and then they are given feedback at the end . Coaching is where the employee learns new skills and have the chance to practice the skills with a coach before actually doing them at the workplace . The coach will watch them perform the skills and give feedback till the employee can perform the skill to a high standard . Mentoring is another option , the employee will be paired with an experienced member of staff and they can discuss the employee’s progress and problems. . On the job training is important because training occurs whilst you are doing day to day duties so training is less disruptive to productivity . You can also do computer based training which is commonly used in health and safety training , it is training through a computerised program . This is relatively cheap and easy to organise . In-house training can be carried out by a member of staff, they will be given the task of training other employees , this could be linked to new legislation .This ensures everyone is aware of new policies . There are disadvantages to this method they include employees not taking the training as seriously because they are just doing normal duties . Another member of staff may teach the employee a bad habit which they will pick up and do . The member of staff may not have received training on how to train effectively so their training could be a waste of time and ineffective. As the training is being done within the workplace there are more distractions so this could make the learning environment very difficult . Off the job training This training is usually done away from the normal workplace , they will not being doing their usual duties so they can focus their full attention onto the training . An external training agency can be brought in or an employee can carry out the training . As the employee is away from their normal work environment it is easier to focus and harder to get distracted . The employee is given the opportunity to discuss ideas with employees from or outside the business , this allows them to bond better as a team. Although there are disadvantages which include the cost , the cost would be higher if you hired an external trainer , there is lost productivity . Even though the employee is being trained , they are not doing their usual duties . HR must be able to identify training needs , not all employees need the same amount of training as they may have previous experiences . This is important as it reduces costs as the business will not have to pay for unnecessary training . New training is needed when there are new systems , new company policies , after illness periods , maternity , promotions and changes in the law/ health and safety . Costs The cost of on the job training includes that the employee will be less productive during the training period , if the trainer is a fellow employee they will not be doing their job and the training may disrupt other employees and decrease productivity over the whole department. The cost of off the job training includes the cost of the course , travel expenses , loss of productivity whilst the employee is on the course , other members of staff may become resentful as they have not been sent on the course so there will be a decrease in efficiency. If the training is on going , the costs will keep getting higher . Ensuring the business follows procedures, laws and legislation HR is responsible for ensuring that the business is operating within the employment laws , this includes the equality act 2010 , employment rights act 1996 and the health and safety at work act 1974 . The employees must be trained on these policies and trained again when there are new changes in the law . HR needs to understand the implications of not following the law .This is important as the business can be prosecuted if they fail to do so and they can be involved in a tribunal . Also the business can get a bad reputation and limit the employees willing to join the business . Corporate social responsibility and ethics can lead to customers not thinking the business is ethical and there will be a loss in sales . The employment rights act of 1996 sets out an employees basic rights , and includes the right to a contract of employment , holiday and maternity provision . The equality act of 2010 , tells employers that they may not discriminate on the grounds of race , age , religion , sexual orientation , sex, or disability against employees when recruiting , paying or promoting . The health and safety at work act of 1974 , sets out the requirements for keeping people safe in the working environment , this includes keeping accident books and recording visitors to a business. HR needs to look at these acts when doing tasks . When creating grievance / disciplinary procedures , adverts , job description , person specifications and short listing , the equality act is needed to help . When doing interviews , short listing and adverts , the employment rights act should be looked at . The health and safety act helps when doing the interviews and risk assessments , such as Primark does , they use this to make sure younger / disabled employees are safe and not working over time. Providing a safe working environment It is important to provide a safe working environment so there are no injuries caused to anyone , this is Primark’s job . The employee needs to ensure it’s own safety by working and behaving safely in Primark . An unsafe working environment can lead to a bad reputation to customers , this will cause a sales loss . A bad reputation can also put off potential employees , the recruitment process is time consuming and expensive so it is necessary that Primark does not limit the candidates . There is an accident book, which must be completed every time an injury occurs whether is it a minor or major injury . Every time a visitor enters the business , they must log on a visitor book . In the case of an emergency such as a fire , everyone must be evacuated and the business needs to know if everyone is safely out the building . If a visitor did not log onto the book , the business would be completely unaware that there person was there. In a visitor book , there are a few sections to fill out , this can vary business to business . Most often your name , reason for being there and who you are there to see and proof of identification are required . This is important as it makes sure no one at the workplace is put into danger . Fire safety is important when trying to make your workplace as safe as possible , this includes carrying out a fire risk assessment of the premises and reviewing it regularly , as well as telling staff of any risks you may find . Appropriate fire measures must be put in place and maintained , this includes a plan for emergency . All staff must receive fire safety instructions and training . All staff must be trained on a certain type of equipment before they use it . This is important as this reduces injuries , and if they are taught how to use it correctly they can work faster compared having to figure it out by themselves.

Comparing Amish and North American Society Essay examples -- Compariso

Comparing Amish and North American Society We can compare Amish society as seen in the movie Witness to North American society to decide which is more ideal. An ideal society is one where there is a strong sense of community among all the members. Education prepares children for life; therefore the type of education a child receives will change the society in the next generation. Although education is valued in both societies, its focus is much different. The Laws of a society reflect the values of a community, and it shows what they consider to be right and wrong. Each society has laws that reflect its values; however the way the laws are expressed is much different. Family life in a society is important, because families bring the community together. Though children are valued in both the societies, family life is different between the two when comparing the roles of the husband and the wife. The Amish lifestyle is more ideal because there is a better sense of community within the society. Education in both societies is recognized as important. We see this in both societies because of the mandatory education laws. However, the focus of the education in each society is different. In North American society the focus of education is quite broad; to graduate highschool a person must have language, physical education, science, english and arts credits. Also, it is mandatory to attend school until grade 10. In Amish society however, school is only required up to grade 8. The...

Poems “Rainbow” and “Tyger” Essay

Examine the similarities and differences in the way Agard & Blake deal with the theme of nature in their poems â€Å"Rainbow† and â€Å"Tyger† Agard’s poem â€Å"Rainbow† portrays the wonder and beauty of a rainbow. Agard is from the Caribbean and he uses some examples of this dialect in his poem, which reflects his background. On the other hand, Blake’s poem â€Å"Tyger† describes the nature of the tiger and how it is so powerful in different ways. Blake tries to portray the majesty of the tiger and how talented his creator must have been. In Agard’s poem â€Å"Rainbow†, he tries to convey that the rainbow in the sky is actually God’s bright smile shining above us. The line â€Å"one big smile across the sky† tells us this. When Agard says in this poem, â€Å"And de rainbow make a show† it is possible he means that the rainbow appears after there is rain. When he states in the poem, â€Å"I tell you is God doing limbo† he reflects his Caribbean background. There are two possible interpretations for this line. Agard could possibly mean that God is doing limbo, an activity in which people would try to bend backwards under a pole, not hitting it as they go under. Or he could also mean limbo, a place between heaven and hell, which you are stuck in. The Catholic Church used to teach that limbo existed and that while in limbo, you cannot move on to heaven or hell. Agard says in the poem, â€Å"And curving, like she bearing child† which tells us that the way the rainbow curves, looks like God is pregnant with a baby. Agard uses repetition by stating a number of times throughout the poem, she/he â€Å"got style†, meaning God, whether male or female, has got style. Agard could possibly be trying to say that the colours of the rainbow show God’s style because the rainbow is so colourful and â€Å"full of glow†. In Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake’s spelling in the title â€Å"The Tyger† at once suggests the exotic or alien quality of the beast. Blake tries to show the tiger as a symbol of God’s power in creation. In this poem the tiger is being addressed directly. Blake queries the tiger in the first stanza, â€Å"What immortal hand or eye, could frame thy fearful symmetry?† Like this, Blake questions the tiger about what kind of person could possibly have had the power to make a creature like him throughout the poem. In the second stanza, Blake questions, â€Å"In what distant deeps or skies, burnt the fire of thine eyes?† meaning, who in the deep seas or the skies above could create eyes, burning bright such as the tigers? He asks himself â€Å"On what wings dare he aspire?† which shows Blake wants to know on what wings this person soars as he couldn’t possibly have made the tiger as he is. â€Å"And what shoulder, and what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart?† Blake asks the tiger in these two lines, what shoulder and what art could combine the strength or power of his heart. Blake questions the tiger about what fears the tigers hand and foot when his heart began to beat, as the tiger’s paws are so powerful and heavy. The tiger is fearless and full of terror as portrayed in the fourth stanza, in the line â€Å"Dare it’s deadly terrors clasp?† The line, which states, â€Å"When the stars threw down their spears and watered heaven with their tears† could possibly be referring to people years ago who would have used spears instead of guns or other modern day weapons. Blake compares the tiger with a lamb in this poem. The line, â€Å"Did he smile His work to see? Did he who made the lamb make thee?† tells us that Blake is asking the tiger if the person who made him, so fierce, predatory and active, also make the vulnerable, harmless lamb. By the lamb, Blake could mean Jesus, the Lamb of God. These two poems have a lot of similarities in the way Agard and Blake deal with the theme of nature in their poems â€Å"Rainbow† and â€Å"Tyger†, but they also have a lot of differences. The similarities in these poems include the interest in religion. In both these poems, the poets show that religion is an important factor in their lives by including a God in their poems. Blake shows religion in â€Å"The Tyger† when he talks about the tiger’s creator. Agard shows religion in â€Å"Rainbow†, stating â€Å"God got style† and the different ways the rainbow reminds him of God. Both the poems are expressing great interest in God and his creations and how wonderful God must be to make such extraordinary and powerful things. In the poems â€Å"Rainbow† and â€Å"The Tyger†, the poets explain these amazing acts of nature and describe what they look like and compare them to various things, such as a lamb or a pregnant woman. Blake and Agard both use significant repetition in their poems, such as â€Å"The man got style† in â€Å"Rainbow† and the first and last stanzas in â€Å"The Tyger†. The differences in these two poems includes the way that Blake describes the appearance, the strength and the creator of the tiger whereas Agard only describes what he thinks the rainbow looks like. Blake speaks directly to the tiger in his poem but Agard is speaking to his audience when he is writing the poem â€Å"Rainbow†. In the poem â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake asks the tiger about who made him and about how powerful the tiger is. Agard’s poem reflects his Caribbean background by using shortened sentences and words like â€Å"de† instead of â€Å"the†. Agard wrote â€Å"Rainbow† in 1985, which explains to us why Agard doesn’t speak in the Middle English language as Blake does in â€Å"The Tyger†. Blake wrote â€Å"The Tyger† in 1794 and we can see this by the way he uses the Middle English language with words such as, thy and thine. These are the differences and similarities in the way Agard and Blake deal with the theme of nature in their poems â€Å"Rainbow† and â€Å"Tyger†. These poets had such different lifestyles to each other and yet, in their poetry, there’s still so many hidden similarities.

The Health Impact Of Supportive Housing For Hiv Positive...

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